Impacts of DES on the expressions of related genes in the gubernaculums testis of newborn mice / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the mRNA expressions of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and actin alpha 1 (ACTα1) in the gubernaculums testis of newborn mice and explore their action mechanisms.@*METHODS@#A total of 140 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank control, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, and 5 experimental groups to be treated subcutaneously with normal saline, DMSO, and DES at 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 10 and 50 μg per kg of the body weight per day, respectively, at gestation days 9－17. On the first day after birth, the animals were sacrificed and the gubernaculums testis collected for detection of the mRNA expressions of AR, ERα, PCNA and ACTα1 by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the DMSO control, the experimental groups, particularly the DES 10 and 50 μg groups, showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of ERα (RE2 = 0.825, P <0.05), but remarkable decreases in those of AR, PCNA and ACTα1 (RA2 = 0.713, RP2 = 0.946, RT2 = 0.960, P <0.01), all in a dose-dependent manner.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The AR, ERα, PCNA, and ACTα1 mRNA are expressed in the gubernaculum testis of normal newborn mice, and their expression levels may be influenced by intervention with different concentrations of DES during the gestation. Exogenous estrogens may affect the proliferation and contraction of gubernaculum testis cells and consequently the normal development of the testis or even the whole male reproductive system by influencing the metabolism of ER and/or AR.

Anatomical Study on the Descent of Testis in Prenatal Goat (Capra hircus) / Estudio Anatómico del Descenso Testicular Prenatal en la Cabra (Capra hircus)

A study was conducted on 70 embryo/ foetii of goats to observe the descent of testis. These foetii were grouped into I (0-30 days), II (31-60 days), III (61-90 days), IV (91-120days) and V (121 days up to term, having 14 embryos/ foetii in each group. The genital ridge was observed at 1.2cm CRL (23 day) on the ventromedial aspect of mesonephros. At 42nd day, the genital ridge developed into cylindrical structure, the testis, located in the middle of metanephros. The abdominal migration was completed upto 88th day. The testes were situated in the inguinal canal from 89th to 95th day. From 90th day onward, scrotal migration had been observed, however the testis did not reach the base of the scrotum up to term. During the descent of testis, a peritoneal fold detached from the caudal end of the gonad and extended up-to the abdominal floor on 42nd day, known as gubernaculum. In the initial stages of pregnancy it was thin, whitish, jelly like. On 70th day it was enveloped by processus vaginalis. In group V, it became hardened, longer and cord like.

Para observar el descenso de los testículos se realizó un estudio en 70 embriones/fetos de cabra. Estos fetos se agruparon en 5 grupos: I (0-30 días), II (31-60 días), III (61-90 días), IV (91 120 días) y V (121 días hasta término, con 14 embriones / fetos en cada grupo. La cresta genital se observó a 1,2cm CRL (23 días) en la cara ventromedial del mesonefros. En el día 42 día, la cresta genital se convirtió en estructura cilíndrica y los testículos se encontraban en el centro del metanefros. La migración abdominal se completó en 88 días. Los testículos están situados en el canal inguinal entre los 89 y 95 días. Del día 90 en adelante, se observó la migración escrotal, sin embargo, el testículo no llegó a la base del escroto hasta el término del desarrollo. Durante el descenso de los testículos, a los 42 días, un pliegue peritoneal (gubernaculum testis) separado del extremo caudal de la gónada, se extendió hacia el suelo-abdominal. En las etapas iniciales de la preñez la gónada era delgada, blanquecina, gelatinosa. En el día 70 el testículo fue envuelto por el proceso vaginal. En el grupo V, el testículo se había endurecido y alargado asemejándose a una cuerda.